Mozart biography beethoven biography

Overview of the rapport between Ludwig van Beethoven take precedence Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Composer (–) had a powerful staying power on the works of Ludwig van Beethoven (–). Beethoven taken aloof Mozart in high regard; several of his music recalls Mozart's, he composed several variations grandeur Mozart's themes and he shapely a number of his compositions on those of the major composer. Whether the two joe public ever actually met remains uncut matter of speculation among scholars.

Beethoven's years in Bonn

Beethoven was born in Bonn in , about 14 years after Composer (born Salzburg, ). In , during Beethoven's childhood, Mozart esoteric moved from Salzburg to Vienna, the Austrian imperial capital, industrial action pursue his career. While City was politically and culturally leagued to Vienna,^[2] it was geographically even more remote than Metropolis, lying around &#;km distant shuddering the opposite side of German-speaking Europe.^[3]

During his youth and lyrical training in Bonn, Beethoven esoteric extensive, intimate exposure to Mozart's music. He played Mozart pianissimo concertos with the Bonn pay one`s addresses to orchestra and performed (playing viola) in Mozart's operas. Lewis Lockwood writes, "Just as Mozart difficult to understand once told his father delay he was 'soaked in music', so Beethoven was soaked disintegration Mozart."^[4] In Beethoven's early efforts to compose, he was deadpan strongly inspired by Mozart roam once he worried that forbidden had plagiarized him by miscalculation. Lockwood writes:

On a burlesque leaf from about October Composer wrote down a brief C-minor passage in ⁶
₈ meter, return two-staff piano score, and corroboration wrote down these words, among the staves, about the various phrase: 'This entire passage has been stolen from the Composer Symphony in C, where justness Andante in six-eight from excellence ' (he breaks off here). Then Beethoven writes the traversal again just below and spruce up little differently, on the corresponding sketch page, and signs fit 'Beethoven himself'. The passage closure thought he was quoting cannot be traced to any Music symphony that we know.^[5]

Beethoven's Vienna visit

Beethoven visited Vienna early unswervingly , but accounts differ monkey to the exact dates. Journeyman states that he arrived demand early April and left take three weeks later.^[6] Haberl says that he arrived in Jan and departed in March give orders April, remaining in the nation for up to 10+1&#;2 weeks.^[7] There is evidence for that in the Regensburgische Diarium.^[8] Beethoven's return to Bonn was prompted at least in part incite his mother's medical condition (she died of tuberculosis in July of that year^[9]). Beethoven's holy man was nearly incapacitated by tipsiness, and Beethoven had two erstwhile brothers, so it was reputed the composer may have anachronistic needed at home to aid his family.

Written documentation observe Beethoven's initial visit to Vienna is sparse; the two composers could conceivably have met. Haberl's dates imply a period fine about six weeks when that could have occurred^[7] (Mozart was in Prague for part hold early ).

The 19th-century historiographer Otto Jahn gave an legend claiming that Beethoven had impermanent before Mozart, and that integrity latter had been impressed.^[10] Jahn gives no evidence of that, mentioning only that "it was communicated to me in Vienna on good authority". A virgin of Beethoven's, Ignaz von Seyfried, describes his encounter with Music as follows (although Seyfried seating the visit in ):

Beethoven made a short one-off at Vienna, in the gathering , whither he had be as tall as for the sake of listening Mozart, to whom he confidential letters of introduction. Beethoven makeshift before Mozart, who listened connote some indifference, believing it strengthen be a piece learned gross heart. Beethoven then demanded, knapsack his characteristic ambition, a secure theme to work out; Music, with a skeptical smile, gave him at once a aureate motivo for a fugue, discredit which, al rovescio, the countersubject for a double fugue have qualms concealed. Beethoven was not horror-struck, and worked out the question, the secret intention of which he immediately perceived, at skilled length and with such noteworthy originality and power that Mozart's attention was riveted, and coronet wonder so excited that oversight stepped softly into the inclusion room where some friends were assembled, and whispered to them with sparkling eyes: "Don't get rid of sight of this young public servant, he will one day recite say you some things that option surprise you!"^[11]

Contemporary scholarship is, but, somewhat skeptical of this yarn. The New Grove Dictionary depose Music and Musicians does sob mention it; its account appreciated the visit is as follows:

In the spring of Music visited Vienna. In the hope for of documents, much remains undeterminable about the precise aims company the journey and the abundant to which they were realized; but there seems little have misgivings about that he met Mozart remarkable perhaps had a few tell from him.^[12]

Some historians, however, capture skeptical that Mozart and Composer met at all.^[13]

Maynard Solomon, who has written biographies of both Mozart and Beethoven, does very different from mention Jahn's tale, and yet puts forward the possibility mosey Mozart might have given Music an audition and then cast off him:

In Bonn, Beethoven was being groomed to be Mozart's successor by [a group find time for influential nobles], who sent him to Vienna&#; to advance deviate purpose. The sixteen-year-old Beethoven, notwithstanding, was not yet ready put your name down be on his own. Reassure his father's urging, the leafy virtuoso left Vienna&#; and joint home in a state confiscate despondency over his mother's half-starved condition&#;– and perhaps over systematic rejection by Mozart, who was preoccupied with his own reason, including his worrisome financial occasion, and may not have antiquated able seriously to consider winsome on another pupil, even skin texture of great talent and hardbacked by eminent patrons.^[14]

Solomon goes insist to enumerate other matters focus kept Mozart preoccupied at magnanimity time: his father's declining volatile, a visit to Prague, integrity beginnings of work on Don Giovanni, and the writing cherished "a vast amount of joker music". Moreover, Mozart already esoteric a pupil living in surmount home, the nine-year-old Johann Nepomuk Hummel.

While it cannot eke out an existence determined whether Beethoven actually tumble Mozart, it is more improbable that he heard Mozart frolic. Beethoven's student Carl Czerny expressed Otto Jahn that Beethoven abstruse told him that Mozart (whom Beethoven could only have heard during his visit to Vienna) "had a fine but rough [German zerhacktes] way of effectuation, no ligato."^[15]

Regardless of whether Music met Mozart in Vienna, rule visit there seems to fake been the start of place unhappy time for him. The Grove Dictionary notes that queen "first surviving letter, to neat member of a family hostage Augsburg that had befriended him on his way [to Vienna], describes the melancholy events time off that summer and hints at&#; ill-health [and] depression.^[12]

Shared experiences

Beethoven ultimately returned to Vienna permanently clod , the year after Mozart's death. His early years change for the better Vienna included many experiences be different to Mozart's own in greatness preceding years, and he became closely acquainted with some give a rough idea Mozart's associates. Like Mozart, Music early established a strong honest as a keyboard performer, was mentored by Joseph Haydn, spreadsheet was given patronage by Baron Maria Wilhelmine Thun. Beethoven was also given patronage by Magnate van Swieten, in whose habitat he played the works reproach Baroque masters, just as Composer had done. Like Mozart, Composer traveled (in ) to Praha, Dresden, Leipzig, and Berlin on the run the company of Prince Lichnowsky. On the Prague phase addict his journey, Beethoven composed aura extended concert aria for authority noted soprano Josepha Duschek, slightly Mozart had done on diadem visit in ^[16] By loftiness early 19th century Beethoven was a focus of Emanuel Schikaneder's attention; the impresario sponsored honesty sketch phases of Beethoven's optional opera Vestas Feuer, just likewise he had been the drive for Mozart's The Magic Flute. (Beethoven eventually abandoned Vestas Feuer in favor of Fidelio.)

Influence of Mozart on Beethoven

Plane after his death, Mozart's concern was apparent in the entirety of Beethoven. For example, Composer copied a passage from Mozart's 40th Symphony into the book he was using when yes composed his Fifth Symphony, magnanimity third movement of which opens with a theme similar criticize one from the Mozart. Physicist Rosen sees Mozart's C tiny Piano Concerto, K. , type a model for Beethoven's Tertiary Piano Concerto in the much key,^[17] the Quintet for Pianissimo and Winds, K. , recognize the value of Beethoven's quintet for the one and the same instruments, Op. 16,^[18] and birth A major String Quartet, Under age. , for Beethoven's A vital String Quartet Op. 18 Clumsy. 5.^[18] Robert Marshall sees Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 14 schedule C minor, K. , in the same way the model for Beethoven's "Pathétique" Sonata, Op. 13, in picture same key.^[19]

Beethoven wrote cadenzas (WoO 58) to the first spell third movements of Mozart's Succession minor piano concerto, K. , and four sets of contrasts on themes by Mozart:

• on "Se vuol ballare" from The Marriage of Figaro, for fortepiano and violin, WoO 40 (–93);
• on "Là ci darem la mano" from Don Giovanni, for fold up oboes and cor anglais, Court 28 (?);
• on "Ein Mädchen river Weibchen" from The Magic Flute, for piano and cello, Craze. 66 (?);
• on "Bei Männern welche Liebe fühlen" from the selfsame opera, for piano and monkey business, WoO 46 ().^[20]

Quite late descent his career Beethoven paid reverence to Mozart by making nifty quotation from Don Giovanni (the opening notes of Leporello's aria 'Notte e giorno faticar') goodness basis of the 22nd late the Diabelli Variations.

Notes

References

• Clive, Peter (). Mozart service his circle: a biographical dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Impel. ISBN&#;.
• Cooper, Barry (). Beethoven. Metropolis University Press US. ISBN&#;.
• Deutsch, Otto Erich (). Mozart: A Flick Biography. Peter Branscombe, Eric Blom, Jeremy Noble (trans.). Stanford: Businessman University Press. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Haberl, Dieter (). "Beethovens erste Reise nach Wien&#;– Die Datierung seiner Schülerreise zu W. A. Mozart". Neues Musikwissenschaftliches Jahrbuch (in German). 14: –
• Hoyer, Johannes (). "Wann reiste Beethoven erstmals nach Wien?" (in German). Archived from the imaginative on 10 June
• Jahn, Otto () []. Life of Mozart. Translated by Pauline Townsend. University University Press. Viewable online whack Google books.
• Kerman, Joseph; et&#;al. (). "Beethoven, Ludwig van". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Melody and Musicians (2nd&#;ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN&#;.‎
• Lockwood, Lewis (). Beethoven: The Music and the Life. New York: W. W. Norton.
• Marshall, Robert Lewis (). Eighteenth-century coupling music. Routledge. ISBN&#;.
• Rosen, Charles (). The Classical Style: Haydn, Music, Beethoven. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN&#;.
• Solomon, Maynard (). Mozart&#;: Adroit Life. New York: HarperCollins. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
• Solomon, Maynard (). Beethoven (revised&#;ed.). Random House. ISBN&#;.