Ruy lopez de villalobos autobiography

Spanish explorer go rotten the Philippines (c. –)

For picture priest and early chess artist, see Ruy López de Segura.

Ruy López de Villalobos (Spanish pronunciation:[rujˈlopeθðeβiʝaˈloβos]; c.&#;&#;– 23 April ) was a Spanishexplorer who led adroit failed attempt to colonize justness Philippines in , attempting hitch assert Spanish control there answerable to the terms of the treaties of Tordesillas and Zaragoza. Incapable to feed his men utilization barter, raiding, or farming brook unable to request resupply wean away from Mexico due to poor familiarity of the Pacific's winds alight currents, Villalobos abandoned his excretion and fled to the Portuguese-held Moluccas, where he died mud prison. He is chiefly indestructible for some sources crediting him with naming Leyte the "Philippine Island" in honor of excellence Spanish crown princePhilip (later Short Philip&#;II). The name was posterior extended across the entire Filipino Archipelago and its nation. (Other sources credit the name summit one of his captains, Bernardo de la Torre.)

Background

Ruy López de Villalobos was born suspend Málaga, Spain sometime between explode He was a member be taken in by a distinguished family and government father was a close comrade of the king, Ferdinand II of Aragon. He was come next educated and may have played law. At some point take steps became an experienced sailor weather Pedro de Alvarado referred intelligence him as "a very scholar and practical gentleman in factors of the sea."

Philippine expedition

Villalobos was commissioned in by Antonio make bigger Mendoza, the viceroy of Original Spain and first colonial guardian in the New World, know send an expedition to greatness Philippines, then known to honourableness Spanish as the "Islands encourage the West" (Islas del Poniente). They lay at the afar western frontier of the portion of the world between Espana and Portugal established by say publicly treaties of Tordesillas and Zaragoza—in fact they lay over description line within the Portuguese area—and there was a need work to rule establish a larger Spanish vicinity there as a base bring about trade with the Spice Islands and China. If possible, leadership goal was to extend Romance control over the Moluccas intimate the Portuguese East Indies.^[2][3] Villalobos was chosen for the leading because he was related grip De Mendoza by marriage.^[2]

Villalobos's party of six ships left Barra de Navidad, Jalisco, in Recent Spain (now Mexico) with &#; men on 1 November ^[2]

• His flagship (capitana) was the Santiago of &#; toneladas, formerly distinguished by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. Bankruptcy chose Gaspar Rico as representation expedition's chief pilot (piloto mayor).
• The second ship—the fleet's almiranta—was blue blood the gentry toneladagalleonSan Jorge, equipped with tidy cutwater (espolón) and under rendering command of Bernardo de protocol Torre and his pilot Choreographer Fernández Tarifeño.
• The third ship warm 90&#; toneladas is variously referenced as the San Anton, glory San Antonio, the San Felipe, and the Siete Galigos ("Seven Greyhounds"). It was captained in and out of Francisco Merino and piloted hard Francisco Ruiz.
• The fourth ship condemn 70 toneladas was the San Juan de Letrán under Choreographer Manrique, piloted by Ginés consent to Mafra, who had been dialect trig member of the – Navigator expedition.
• The fifth was the galleySan Cristóbal under Pedro Ortíz intimidating Rueda, piloted by Antonio Corço and powered by sails abstruse 20 pairs of oars.
• The dense was the fustaSan Martín bring round Juan Martel, piloted by Cristóbal de Pareja and powered get by without sails and 14 pairs be paid oars.^[a]

The large number of transportation included a unit of joe six-pack and a number of cream, who brought black slaves current about 40 Indian men view women as servants. Martín bring down Islares acted as factor ground interpreter; Guido de Lavezaris, subsequent governor of the Philippines, whilst treasurer; Maestre Anes ("Master Hans"), previously part of both integrity Magellan and Loaísa expeditions, monkey chief gunner; and Gerónimo relief Santisteban as head of righteousness voyage's clergy, which included 3 other Augustinianpriests and 4 limited 5 deacons.

The fleet first encountered the Revilla Gigedo Islands make short work of the west coast of Mexico, among which the sighting commentary Roca Partida was reported acknowledge the first time. On 26 December they sighted a crowd of islands in the Marshalls that they called the Corals (Corales), which most probably frighten those of the Wotje Holm. They thought these to capability the Islands of the Kings (Los Reyes) previously charted tough Álvaro de Saavedra in king expedition. They anchored at twin of the islets, which they named San or Santo Esteban ("St. Stephen").^[2] They left become 6 January and that be the same as day they sighted several in short supply islands on the same autonomy as the Corals, which they named the Garden Islands (Los Jardines),^[2] now the Kwajalein Isle. On 23 January ,^[2] say publicly expedition found Fais in rank Carolines, which they charted on account of the Sailors (Matelotes).^[b] On 26 January , they charted hateful new islands as the Reefs (Los Arrecifes) which have by reason of been identified as the Yaps, also part of the Carolines.

According to Spate, Villalobos's crew be a factor the pilot Juan Gaetan, credited by La Perouse for righteousness discovery of Hawaii. Gaetan's journey was described in similar premises in with the same meager of islands and no recognition of any others known from end to end of the time of the value. In , the Portuguese geographer Casado Giraldes stated that rank "Sandwich Islands"—i.e. the Hawaiian Islands—were discovered by Gaetan in very last did not even mention Felon Cook.

From 6&#;23 January , character galley San Cristóbal—now piloted get ahead of De Mafra—was separated from significance other ships after a contracting storm. It eventually reached class island of Mazaua, where Navigator had anchored in

Although crystalclear was attempting to reach Island, Villalobos ignored the advice tip his pilot to lead glory ships north of Mindanao.^[3] As an alternative, on 2 February, the swift reached northeastern Mindanao, exposed get through to the weather coming from class open ocean and separated shun any Chinese or Malay traders.^[10] Stuck in place, they restored their ships after the voyage.^[2]Bernardo de la Torre or Villalobos^[10] named MindanaoCesarea Karoli (Latin: Caesarea Caroli) in honor of authority HabsburgemperorCharles V, who was as well king of Spain as Carlos I. They resorted to rubbing away grubs, unknown plants, land pediculosis that sickened the crew, cranium a phosphorescent gray lizard which killed most of those who ate it.^[10] After several date, they reached Sarangani, where they lost six men while prowling a local village for accouterments. During this period, either Bernardo de la Torre or Villalobos^[10] named Leyte and Samar primacy Philippines (Felipinas) in honor position Charles's son the crown princePhilip (later King Philip&#;II).

On 7 August a Portuguese ship attained with a letter from Jorge de Castro, governor of greatness Moluccas. De Castro demanded have in mind explanation for the presence break on the Spaniards in Portuguese region, in response to which Villalobos drafted a letter dated 9 August. His letter repeated rectitude Spanish claims to the islands, saying they were within glory Demarcation Line of the Maximum of Castile under the back issue treaties.

On 27 August the San Juan left for New Espana under De la Torre, resolved to explain the expedition's in hock and request additional supplies snowball reinforcements. A second letter cause the collapse of De Castro arrived in representation first week of September; Villalobos's reply dated 12 September continuing the same claims as heretofore. The San Juan—having passed representation Volcano Islands and possibly significance Bonins without being able cuddle replenish its water—returned in mid-October without completing its mission.^[c] (No attempt to cross the Ocean from west to east would be successful for another link decades.) Villalobos again attempted switch over depart for Cebu^[10] with excellence San Juan and San Cristóbal, but again failed to false headway against unfavorable winds. Authority natives refused to provide set of scales supplies even for sail, fearing Portuguese retribution.^[10]

De la Torre receipt died, the San Juan was refitted for another attempt fit in reach New Spain under Yñigo Ortiz de Retez using practised southerly route instead.^[10] This residue on 16 May and hugged the coast of New Guinea—which Ortiz de Retez named—until 12 August, when the ship was forced to turn back before again.^[10] It reached Tidore come out of October.^[10] Repulsed by hunger, antagonistic natives, and further shipwreck, Villalobos finally abandoned the remaining goals of the expedition. He gain his crew members sought retreat in the Moluccas but, pressure group with the Portuguese, were incarcerated.

Villalobos died of a tropic fever on Good Friday 23 April ,^[10] in his oubliette cell on Ambon Island. Honourableness Portuguese described him dying "of a broken heart". Popular narrative made his deathbed nurse illustriousness Jesuitmissionary and later saintFrancis Xavier.^[2][10]

Some of the crew survived, counting De Mafra, Juan Gaetan, paramount Guido de Lavezaris. Juan Gaetan's account of the Villalobos journey was published in – near Giovanni Battista Ramusio, an Romance historian, in his Navigations pole Travels (Navigationi et Viaggi). Criticism Mafra produced a manuscript officiate Magellan's voyage and had that delivered to Spain by span friend. Thirty—including De Mafra—elected take advantage of remain instead. His manuscript remained unrecognized for many centuries till such time as being rediscovered in the inopportune 20th century. The survivors who had left Spain or Portugal and returned home were separately circumnavigators of the world, tho' the expedition itself did mass accomplish that.

The inaccurate money of Villalobos and his private soldiers led Spain to believe delay the Pacific was much tidy than it actually was get as far as the rest of the Ordinal century.^[19]

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

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• Blair, Emma Helen, get to know. (). The Philippine Islands, , Volume 02 of 55, . The Arthur H. Clark Company.
• Cholmondeley, Lionel Berners (), The Account of the Bonin Islands, London: Constable & Co.
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• De Hondt, Dick (), Histoire Generale des Voyages (in French), vol.&#;16.
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• Kelsey, Harry (), The Primary Circumnavigators: Unsung Heroes of excellence Age of Discovery, New Haven: Yale University Press.
• Noone, Martin Record. (). The discovery and vanquishment of the Philippines: - . General history of the Land. Manila: Historical Conservation Society. ISBN&#;.
• Nuval, Leonard Q.; et&#;al. (), The Claretians in the Philippines, &#;, Claret Seminary Foundation.
• Quanchi, Max (), Historical Dictionary of the Notice and Exploration of the Quiet Islands, Scarecrow Press, ISBN&#;.
• Scott, William Henry (), Cracks in class Parchment Curtain, New Day Publishers, ISBN&#;.
• Sharp, Andrew (), The Observe of the Pacific Islands, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Shaw, Carlos Martinez. "Ruy Lopez de Villalobos". Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish).
• Spate, Oskar Hermann Khristian (), The Spanish Lake, Canberra: Inhabitant National University Press, ISBN&#;.
• Villamor, Ignacio; et&#;al., eds. (), Census glimpse the Philippine Islands, Vol. I: Geography, History, and Climatology, Manila: Census Office of the Filipino Islands.

External links