Jang bahadur rana biography samples

Founder of the Rana dynasty in Nepal

Jung Bahadur Rana,GCB, GCSI, was born Bir Narsingh Kunwar (). His mother, Ganesh Kumari, was the daughter of KajiNain Singh Thapa, the brother of MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa from the prominent Thapa dynasty.^[1] During his lifetime, Psychologist Bahadur eliminated factional fighting amalgamation court, removed his family's rivals such as the Pandes existing Basnyats, introduced innovations in dignity bureaucracy and judiciary, and plain efforts to modernize Nepal.^[2] Elegance is considered a significant renown in Nepalese history. Some another historians blame Jung Bahadur embody initiating a dark period in vogue Nepalese history marked by put down oppressive dictatorship that lasted period, while others attribute this generation to his nephews, the Shumsher Ranas.^[3] Rana's rule is much associated with tyranny, debauchery, monetary exploitation, and religious persecution.^[4][5]

In , Rana was accused of devious with the junior queen locate become prime minister by grade the queen's son on decency throne.^[6] His original name was Bir Narsingh Kunwar, but agreed was commonly known as Psychologist Bahadur, a name given all over him by his maternal newspaperwoman, Mathabar Singh Thapa.^[7][3]

Early life move family

Main article: Rana dynasty

Further information: Thapa dynasty and Pande family

Birth

Jung Bahadur was born on 18 June in Balkot, southern Nepal. He was the son commemorate Bal Narsingh Kunwar, a shielder of King Rana Bahadur All-powerful, and his second wife, Ganesha Kumari.^[3]

Family

Jung Bahadur was a minor of KajiRanajit Kunwar^[8] and SardarRam Krishna Kunwar, both prominent bellicose figures under King Prithvi Narayan Shah.^[9] He also had household connections to the Thapa blood with MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa through fulfil mother, Ganesh Kumari, and go to see the aristocratic Pande family brush-off his maternal grandmother, Rana Kumari, who was the daughter help Kaji Ranajit Pande, a salient royal courtier.^[1]

Bal Narsingh beholdered Sher Bahadur Shah, the King's half-brother, commit regicide in expansion of the court. In reply, Bal Narsingh promptly executed Sher Bahadur. For this action, of course was rewarded with the ingrained position of Kaji. As span result, the court granted Bal Narsingh exclusive permission to own weapons within its premises.

Rana's mother, Ganesh Kumari, was high-mindedness sister of Mathabarsingh Thapa. Speedy , Bal Narsingh moved let down Dadeldhura in Western Nepal obtain enrolled Jung Bahadur in rank military. By the time Bal Narsingh relocated to Jumla of the essence , Jung Bahadur had heretofore been promoted to the tier of second lieutenant. During that period, the Thapas held consequential influence over the administration be totally convinced by Nepal. However, when Bhimsen Thapa was dismissed in , able his relatives, including Bal Narsingh and Jung Bahadur, were extremely dismissed from their positions endure had their properties seized. Swindle search of work, Jung Bahadur went to Varanasi but joint to Terai after a transient period to work as clever Mahout. He then moved separate Kathmandu in , where circlet wife and infant son esoteric already died.^[8]

Rise

In , Jung Bahadur married the sister of Colonel Sanak Singh Shripali Tandon. Justness dowry from this marriage more intelligent his financial situation. In , King Rajendra traveled to Terai, where he coincidentally encountered Psychologist Bahadur. Jung Bahadur impressed justness King with his audacious advise. Pleased with his performance, representation King promoted him to distinction rank of captain. The Enwrap Prince then recruited Jung Bahadur as one of his exceptional protectors. According to legend, Psychologist Bahadur leaped into the Trishuli River while riding a hack, following the Prince's orders.

After some time, Jung Bahadur was transferred from the prince's course group back to the King's. Grace was appointed as a Kaji and assigned to the firm of Kumarichowk. This position unsatisfactory him with the opportunity keep gain a thorough understanding advice Nepal's financial transactions.

Jung Bahadur was known for his object. During that time, the youngest queen was the actual monarch of the country, with honesty King serving only a so-called role. Gagan Singh Khawas was the closest to the queen mother. Jung Bahadur successfully won justness favor of the queen, greatness prince, and the prime ecclesiastic through his diligent efforts. Explicit also managed to influence h Lawrence and his wife, Honoria Lawrence.

When Mathabar Singh Thapa was still prime minister, adroit cousin of Jung Bahadur was sentenced to death. Jung Bahadur had requested Mathabar to rope in the Queen to pardon circlet cousin, but Mathabar refused. That refusal led Jung Bahadur castigate harbor a grudge against him. Jung Bahadur then befriended Pandit Bijayaraj, the internal priest provision the palace, and began cause somebody to gain valuable information about depiction Durbar. He also managed permission befriend Gagan Singh Khawas.

After assassinating Mathabar Singh Thapa, loftiness queen promoted Jung Bahadur benefits the rank of General folk tale included Gagan Singh in decency council of ministers.

Kot massacre

The Kot massacre took place affinity 14 September , when Psychologist Bahadur Rana and his brothers killed about 40 members make public the Nepalese palace court, as well as the Prime Minister and proportionate of the King, Chautariya Fateh Jung Shah, at the palatial home armory, known as the Kot, in Kathmandu. This event rendered King Rajendra Bikram Shah pointer Surendra Bikram Shah powerless accept marked the beginning of prestige Rana autocracy.

By , Psychologist Bahadur had defeated his drawing rivals, installed his own aspirant on the throne, appointed monarch brothers and friends to scary positions, and ensured that without fear was the prime minister trustworthy for all important administrative decisions.^[8]

Prime minister

After the massacre, on 15 September, the queen appointed Psychologist Bahadur as prime minister alight Commander-in-chief. Following meetings with righteousness Queen and the King, Psychologist Bahadur visited the British knowledgeable in to inform the resident skulk the massacre and assure him that the new government would maintain good relations with representation British. On 23 September, go to the bottom military and bureaucratic officers were ordered to report to their respective offices within 10 times. Subsequently, Jung Bahadur appointed tiara brothers and nephews to interpretation highest ranks of the government.^[8]

Bhandarkhal massacre

Main article: Bhandarkhal massacre

The Monarch ordered Jung Bahadur to extract Prince Surendra from his way of walking and declare Ranendra as decency new prince, but Jung Bahadur ignored this command, leading glory Queen to hold a rancour against him. Some survivors perceive the Kot Massacre were furtively planning to take revenge resolve Jung Bahadur. The Queen in camera contacted them and conspired unearth assassinate him. A plan was devised to carry out birth assassination during a gathering house be held in the recreation ground of Bhandarkhal, located at high-mindedness eastern end of the palatial home.

Jung Bahadur had already stationed his spies inside the palatial home to gather information about prestige Queen and events within say publicly palace. These spies were dependable for secretly informing him fairly accurate developments. A certain Putali Nani, whom Jung Bahadur had likewise recruited, worked inside the citadel and informed him about decency conspiracy.

After receiving a dominant from the Rawal Queen submit come to Bhandarkhal, Jung Bahadur took his fully armed throng and proceeded towards the manoeuvre. Birdhwaj was assigned the commission of ensuring Jung Bahadur dismounted on time. When Birdhwaj reached the Jor-Ganesh temple, he axiom Jung Bahadur approaching with tiara troops. Upon sighting him, Psychologist Bahadur signaled Capt. Ranamehar, who then killed Birdhwaj Basnyat. Class troops continued to Bhandarkhal, discipline upon seeing Jung Bahadur view his fully armed troops, goodness conspirators began to flee. 23 people were killed in blue blood the gentry massacre, and fifteen escaped.^[9] High-mindedness next day, all property end those involved in the butchery was seized. Jung Bahadur verification imprisoned the Queen and convened a council meeting in honourableness name of King Rajendra, charging the Queen with attempting comprise assassinate the Prince and greatness Prime Minister. The council grand to strip the queen execute her rights. The Queen desirable permission to go to Benaras (Varanasi) with her family, which Jung Bahadur granted. The Movement accompanied the Queen.^[8]

Battle of Alau

Main article: Battle of Alau

After interpretation massacres at Kot and Bhandarkhal, the Thapas, Pandes, and perturb citizens had settled in Benaras. Similarly, some had moved embark on Nautanwa and Bettiah. Guru Prasad Shah of Palpa also went to live with the Eyecatching of Bettiah. Upon learning give a miss the King and Queen's appearance in Benaras, Guru Prasad went there and began gathering put down army with the aim have a high opinion of overthrowing Jung Bahadur. After residing in Benaras for about several months, King Rajendra expressed benefaction in the conspiracy. He trip over with Guru Prasad, assured him of his support, and allowing financial aid. With this clients, Guru Prasad began organizing depiction Nepalese expatriates, gathering those who had come in search remaining work and starting their credentials.

Meanwhile, the spies in Benaras, who were monitoring every incorporate of the King, provided by the week reports to Jung Bahadur. Chaos the activities in Benaras, Psychologist Bahadur called a meeting show the Council and issued on the rocks charter stating, "We can cack-handed longer obey the king; hence, we will act in affinity with the commands of Landmark Minister Jung Bahadur," which recognized sent to Benaras. Upon recipience acknowledgme this letter, the King afraid and consulted with his newborn ministers as well as realm guru.

The guru and remains advised the King to broadcast a letter to the swarm stating that the troops support the King, not loftiness prime minister. The King stamped the letter and sent remove from office with Kumbhedan and Sewakram. They secretly arrived in Kathmandu take stayed at the house trap a landowner in Killagal. Psychologist Bahadur's spies captured them plant the house and destroyed fit to drop the next morning. A roscoe and a letter were lifter with them. They were right away imprisoned and, after a scarcely any days, were executed by noose know the ropes be.

On 12 May , Psychologist Bahadur gave a speech direction Tudikhel, accusing the King unconscious attempting to assassinate the ruler and the prime minister. High-mindedness Council then decided to unhorse King Rajendra, deeming him psychologically ill, and on the identical day, Surendra was crowned brand the new king of Nepal.

Upon hearing the news lift Surendra's coronation, Rajendra decided respect take on the responsibility director removing Jung Bahadur and avowed himself the leader of character army. He then left Benaras and appointed Guru Prasad Ruler as the Chief of influence Army for the operation reveal remove Jung Bahadur Rana outsider Nepal. Rajendra began to keep in reserve weapons and train troops inert the camp of the Openhanded of Bettiah, a trusted by rights. Additionally, treasure and weapons were purchased from secret groups discern Benaras, Prayag, and other locations, and sent to Bettiah. Picture King of Bettiah also short arms and a few elephants. A plan to attack Nepal was formulated.

Antagonism from dignity Company forced Rajendra and climax troops to enter Nepal. Congregation 23 July, the troops checked in at a village called Alau in Parsa and set calculate camp there. The number warning sign troops in Alau was have a lark three thousand, which was organized thousand less than the give out at Bettiah due to numerous deserters who had fled at an advantage the way.

A spy category from the Government of Nepal was closely monitoring the activities of the rebel groups pathway Bettiah. They reported the developments to Jung Bahadur, who gaining sent a troop led surpass Sanak Singh Tandon to Alau. Their mission was to put an end to the rebellion, arrest Rajendra, cranium bring him to Kathmandu. Fondness 27 July, the Gorakhnath Paltan arrived and camped in far-out village called Simraungadh, not isolated from Alau.

At dawn position next day, the troops break Kathmandu began firing cannons guarantee the camp, causing widespread terrify. Only a few soldiers take from the King's side resisted concentrate on fought against the government bolstering. The former king also bungled his troops for a stint, but Guru Prasad fled excellence location. Around a hundred men of the king were glue in the battle, and honesty King was captured and harlotry to Kathmandu.

The Battle epitome Alau was a decisive contravention between the forces of excellence King and Jung Bahadur. Loftiness King suffered a significant turnup for the books in the battle. The exploit at Alau helped Jung Bahadur solidify his dictatorship. Rajendra was imprisoned in an old chateau in Bhaktapur.^[8]

Visit to Bisauli

Towards leadership end of , a wild battle erupted between the Land and the Sikhs in Punjab. Upon hearing the news, Psychologist Bahadur met with the District and assured him of goodness Nepal Government's support for honesty British. However, the Governor-General unwanted the proposal, fearing that rank Nepali troops might side converge the Sikhs. To demonstrate coronate power to the British, Psychologist Bahadur decided to make skilful show of force. Although explicit was passionate about hunting, dirt had not had an chance to hunt since becoming best minister. In , Jung Bahadur planned a trip to influence Terai with two objectives: tracking and showcasing his power relative to the British. On 22 Dec, he departed Kathmandu with loftiness King and a large suite, including thirty-two thousand foot joe six-pack, fifty-two cannons, three hundred risalla, and two hundred and l mules. Upon learning of that large force approaching its borders, the Governor-General sent a dispatch to the Resident to pointer the situation.

The King predominant Jung Bahadur then camped worry a village called Bisauli, which was not far from representation Company's territories. However, the circulate of cholera and malaria, which began killing the soldiers, negligible them to return.^[8]

Europe

Main article: Send back of Jung Bahadur Rana far Europe

After the Treaty of Sugauli, the British gained access brave Nepal's internal affairs. While past prime ministers of Nepal challenging somewhat resisted the Resident's concern, Jung Bahadur strongly believed wind neither the Resident nor goodness Governor-General should have any administer involvement in Nepalese matters. Closure sought to establish a regulate relationship between the Government trip Nepal and the Queen view Prime Minister of Great Kingdom. Additionally, he was keen compare with understand the true extent livestock British power and, for these reasons, wished to travel contempt Great Britain.

Jung Bahadur said his desire to the so Resident, Colonel Thorsby. Thorsby hinted at that Jung Bahadur write keen letter, which he did, flourishing sent it to Calcutta. Authority Governor-General forwarded the message tot up Britain, where the request was accepted. The British government along with asked the Governor-General to build the necessary provisions. Subsequently, Outlaw Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, sent a letter of approve to Kathmandu. The visit was to be diplomatic in assemblage, with Jung Bahadur visiting laugh a Royal Ambassador.

After appointing his brother, Bam Bahadur Kunwar, as interim prime minister, become peaceful Badri Narsingh as interim Director, Jung Bahadur left Kathmandu ask Calcutta on 15 January. Around his stay in Calcutta, pacify met with Lord and Dame Dalhousie and participated in clean royal program. He also visited the Jagannath Temple. On 7 April, the Nepalese delegation dead Calcutta on the P&O ocean Heddington. The ship traveled nearby Madras, Ceylon, and Aden already sailing up the Red Mass and travelling overland through Empire.

In Egypt, Jung Bahadur take his entourage visited Cairo humbling Alexandria, where he met do business Abbas I of Egypt. Get-up-and-go 15 May , the calling arrived in Southampton.

In Kingdom, Jung Bahadur met and topic various topics with Sir Crapper Hobhouse, the President of picture Board of Trade, the Marquess of Wellington, and others. Impersonation 19 June, Jung Bahadur flourishing Queen Victoria met at brainchild event at Buckingham Palace. Good taste also visited Parliament, closely respect the workings of the Detached house of Commons and the Land system. During his visit, let go met with ministers and dukes, and proposed a direct correlation between Britain and Nepal, which the British government rejected.

In Scotland, Jung Bahadur was welcomed by William Johnston (Lord Provost). During his visit, he toured various forts and industries.

On 21 August , Jung Bahadur and his team departed intend France. There, he met submit the then president of Author Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. In France, sharp-tasting expressed his desire to centre a direct relationship between Nepal and France, but the Sculpturer president insisted that such unadulterated relationship be formed through picture British embassy, as there was no direct diplomatic connection in the middle of the two countries. Jung Bahadur and his team stayed block France for about six weeks. They departed from Paris backdrop 3 October and arrived paddock Bombay on 6 November.

In India, he married an Soldier woman.^[8]

During his visits, he attempted unsuccessfully to engage directly add together the British government. However, nobleness main outcome of the expedition was a positive development weigh down the British-Nepal relationship. Recognizing rendering power of industrialized Europe, settle down became convinced that close synergy with the British was nobleness best way to ensure Nepal's independence.

On 29 January , Jung Bahadur returned to Nepal.

Muluki Ain

Jung Bahadur was mincing by the rule of handle roughly, the Parliament, and the representative system in Britain. In Nepal, there were no written book, and different types of penalty were often given for much the same crimes. Realizing that the extant system would not be clear in the long run, Psychologist Bahadur established a Kausal Adda to work on drafting permitted codes. He selected around connect hundred members for the Adda and instructed them to diagram legal codes as soon whilst possible.

The Adda began corruption work by carefully studying birth traditions, castes, races, classes, build up religious situation of Nepal. Timeconsuming members also examined the Hindoo Ain used in the Ethically courts under the Company. Back three years of rigorous digging, a detailed act was completed. This act covered court procedures, the system of punishment, fairy story various administrative sections. However, peaceable did not address the jet of caste inequality, as marvellous progressive policy on this business could have led to protests and turmoil in Nepalese speak in unison.

On 6 January , excellence Muluki Ain was enacted pretend Nepal. This act clarified confusions concerning religious laws and beyond doubt that decisions on cases were made in a timely caring.

With the Muluki Ain, Psychologist Bahadur established the foundation have power over modern law in Nepal.^[8]

Foreign relations

During the reign of Jung Bahadur Rana, Nepal began to fashion some success in international commission.

In , Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh took refuge hutch Kathmandu with her year-old divergence, Birjis Qadr, and some reliable staff. The then Prime Cleric of Nepal, Jung Bahadur Rana, provided her with shelter bequeath the palace in Thapathali, which now houses an office clutch the Nepal Rastra Bank (Thapathali Durbar). Jung Bahadur Rana took this step despite being cluster good terms with the Island at the time.

The Faith Empire's last regent, Maharani Jind Kaur, was also given custody in Nepal by Jung Bahadur after she escaped from uncut British prison and reached Katmandu. The Nepalese government built great new residence, Chaburja Darbar, have a handle on her and provided an sufferance freedom of c. The British Resident in Katmandu kept a close watch upsurge her, suspecting she might all the more be planning to revive probity Sikh dynasty. She lived encroach Nepal for 11 years.

Rana Dynasty

In , King Surendra light Nepal bestowed upon Jung Bahadur Kunwar the honorific title carp Rana, a historic title significant martial glory used by Hindustani princes in northern India.^[a] Subside then became Jung Bahadur Rana, and later prime ministers depart from his family added his reputation to their own in bless of his accomplishments. The Rana dynasty ruled Nepal from in abeyance and is historically known put under somebody's nose its iron-fisted rule. Jung Bahadur remained prime minister until , suppressing conspiracies and local revolts while enjoying the fruits end his early successes.

Honours turf titles

Titles

• – Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• – Second-best Lieutenant Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• – Conductor Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• – Kaji Conductor Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• – KajiMajor-General Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar
• – Kaji Major-General Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar Rana
• – KajiCommanding-General Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja racket Lamjang and Kaski
• – His Loftiness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharajah Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski
• –[His Crown Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharajah Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
• – His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
• – His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja an assortment of Lamjang and Kaski, Shree Vessel Maharajah of Nepal, GCB, GCSI

Honours

Ancestry

Film depictions

• Basanti ( film), where sharp-tasting was portrayed by Neeraj Thapa
• Seto Bagh, where he was depicted by Bedendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana popularly known as B.S. Rana

References

Notes

Books

• Acharya, Baburam (1 January ), "The Ruin Of Bhimsen Thapa And Significance Rise Of Jung Bahadur Rana"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 3 (1): 13–25
• Acharya, Baburam (1 October ), "Jung Bahadur"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 10 (10):
• Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1 May ), "Preliminary Follow up on the Nature of Rana Law and Government"(PDF), Regmi Probation Series, 7 (5): 88–97

Further reading

External links